About half an hour later, I noticed that my sock had a blood spot forming above the toe. Carefully removing the sock, I discovered that the toe was still quite tender. It was bleeding out from under the nail; a large portion of the nail was black and blue.
The next day, puss started to seep out from under the nail. I trimmed the top edge, used anti-bacterial cream, and put a band-aid large enough to cover it on top. While it was still tender to walk on, the toe's condition seemed to improve from there.
About a week ago, the nail started separating from the toe. The left side and the bottom were still fully connected, but the top, most of the middle, and the right edge now had a bit of space away from the toe. A super thin nail-like coating had formed underneath it.
Today, the nail managed to get some dirt and sock fluff underneath it, forcing me to cut away most of the separated nail. My big toe now only has a bit of nail at the bottom and on the far left. It makes for a strange sensation and an ugly-looking toe.
Thankfully, I've had the experience of losing a toenail before, so I'm reasonably confident that it will grow back in a few months. I just to need to be more careful around rocking chairs.